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Ischadium recurvum : ウィキペディア英語版 | Ischadium recurvum
''Ischadium recurvum'', known as the "hooked mussel" or "bent mussel," is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Mytilidae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from Cape Cod to the West Indies.〔Abbott, R.T. & Morris, P.A. ''A Field Guide to Shells: Atlantic and Gulf Coasts and the West Indies.'' New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1995. 17.〕 They are often found growing on Eastern oysters, either intertidal (south of Chesapeake Bay, where the exposed oysters can survive the winter) or subtidal.〔Bahr, L.M. and W.P. Lanier. 1981. The ecology of intertidal oyster reefs of the South Atlantic coast: A community profile. US Fish Wildlife Service Program FWS/OBS/-81/15. ()〕 They also attach to other hard substrates, including artificial reefs〔Lipcius, RN, and Burke, RP. 2006. Abundance, biomass and size structure of eastern oyster and hooked mussel on a modular artificial reef in the Rappahannock River, Chesapeake Bay. Gloucester Point, Va: Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary; Special Report in Applied Marine Science and Ocean Engineering No. 390. ()〕 and dead shells of brackish water clams, Rangia cuneata.〔Poirrier, M.A., E.A. Spalding, and C.D., Franze. 2009. Lessons learned from a decade of assessment and restoration studies of benthic invertebrates and submersed aquatic vegetation in Lake Pontchartrain. Journal of Coastal Research SI54:88–100.()〕 ==References==
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